Constant Power Factor Mode of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Inverter for Harmonics Distortion Assessment

Muammar Zainuddin, Frengki Eka Putra Surusa, Syafaruddin Syafaruddin, Salama Manjang

Abstract


The increased active power injection of the grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) inverters has led to some challenges in the power quality issues. The PV inverters have been recommended in the technical standard requirements in order to control the reactive power supply into the grid. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation of the power factors to total harmonics distortion in a 30 kWp grid-connected PV inverter using two different operating modes. This research presents analyses of the statistical results of power quality parameters such as the changes in relative and reactive power, THD on current and voltage, and harmonic components of current and inverter voltage at different loads. The power quality parameters is assessed by using the Var regulation based on a constant power factor (CPF) and compared with the Var regulation based on changes in grid voltage (Q(U)). The unity and non-unity PF is simulated with high and low capacitive level. The results showed that THDi and THDv were less than 5% when the inverter approached nominal power. The non-unity PF constant inverter produces lower harmonic distortion than the unity PF. The simulation results found that the harmonic component of the current increased by more than 7% in the 7th order when the active power was less than 9% of the nominal power. However, reactive power regulation is proportionally constrained to prevent overvoltage of the inverter. The presented results are useful in fulfilling the technical requirements associated with the operating mode of the grid-connected PV inverters.

Keywords


Power Quality; Photovoltaic Grid-Connected; Reactive Power; Constant Power Factor; Harmonics Analysis

Full Text:

PDF

References


IEEE Std 519-2014 (Revision of IEEE Std 519-1992), “Recommended Practice and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems,†The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. 2014.

K. Ken Weng, W. Yee Wan, R. Kumar Rajkumar, and R. Kumar Rajkumar, “Power quality analysis for PV grid connected system using PSCAD/EMTDC,†International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER), vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 121–132, Mar. 2015.

R. Pinto et al., “Impact of Rural Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Generation Systems on Power Quality,†Energies, MDPI, vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 1–15, Sep. 2016.

M. Patsalides et al., “The Effect of Solar Irradiance on The Power Quality behaviour of Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems,†Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal, vol. 1, no. 05, pp. 323–330, Mar. 2007.

A. Amirullah, O. Penangsang, and A. Soeprijanto, “Power Quality Analysis of Integration Photovoltaic Generator to Three Phase Grid under Variable Solar Irradiance Level,†TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control), vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 29–38, 2016.

A. Elkholy, F. H. Fahmy, A. A. Abou El-Ela, A. E.-S. A. Nafeh, and S. R. Spea, “Experimental evaluation of 8kW grid-connected photovoltaic system in Egypt,†Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 217–229, 2016.

S. V. S. Kumary, V. A. A. M. T. Oo, G. M. Shafiullah, and A. Stojcevski, “Modelling and power quality analysis of a grid-connected solar PV system,†in Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC, Perth-Australia, pp. 1–6, Sep. 2014.

D. Gallo et al., “Case studies on large PV plants: Harmonic distortion, unbalance and their effects,†in IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Vancouver, BC-Canada, pp. 1–5, 2013.

S. O. Amrouche et al., “Reactive power issues in grid connected photovoltaic systems,†in International Conference on Nuclear and Renewable Energy Resources (NURER), pp. 1–6, 2014.

R. Kabiri, D. G. Holmes, and B. P. McGrath, “The influence of PV inverter reactive power injection on grid voltage regulation,†in IEEE 5th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG), Galway-Ireland, pp. 1–8, Jun. 2014.

J. A. Sa’Ed, N. Ismail, S. Favuzza, M. G. Ippolito, and F. Massaro, “Effect of voltage deviations on power distribution losses in presence of DG technology,†in 2015 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications, ICRERA, pp. 766–771, 2015.

H. Li, C. Wen, K. H. Chao, and L. L. Li, “Research on inverter integrated reactive power control strategy in the grid-connected PV systems,†Energies, MDPI, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 1–22, 2017.

S. Vlahinić, D. Franković, V. Komen, and A. Antonić, “Reactive power compensation with PV inverters for system loss reduction,†Energies, MDPI, vol. 12, no. 21, pp. 1–17, 2019.

IEEE Std 1547-2018, “Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces,†The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. pp. 1–138, 2018.

K. Rahimi, A. Tbaileh, R. Broadwater, J. Woyak, and M. Dilek, “Voltage Regulation Performance of Smart Inverters: Power Factor Versus Volt-Var Control,†in North American Power Symposium (NAPS), Morgantown, pp. 1–6, Sep. 2017.

F. Katiraei and M. R. Iravani, “Power management strategies for a microgrid with multiple distributed generation units,†IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 1821–1831, 2006.

W. Mack Grady and R. J. Gilleskie, “Harmonics and how they relate to power factor,†in EPRI Power Quality Issues & Opportunities Conference (PQA’93), San Diego, CA, pp. 1–8, Nov. 1993.

A. Kalair, N. Abas, A. R. Kalair, Z. Saleem, and N. Khan, “Review of harmonic analysis, modeling and mitigation techniques,†Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 78, pp. 1152–1187, 2017.

M. Khatri and A. Kumar, “Experimental investigation of harmonics in a grid-tied solar photovoltaic system,†International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER), vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 901–907, Jun. 2017.

C. Khomsi, M. Bouzid, and K. Jelassi, “Power quality improvement in a three-phase grid tied photovoltaic system supplying unbalanced and nonlinear loads,†International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER), vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1165–1177, 2018.

Q. T. Tran, A. V. Truong, and P. M. Le, “Reduction of harmonics in grid-connected inverters using variable switching frequency,†International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 82, pp. 242–251, 2016.

S. E. Chong, C. K. Gan, K. A. Baharin, and P. H. Tan, “Total harmonic distortion performance of the grid connected solar photovoltaic system at Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,†International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER), vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1967–1975, 2019.

M. Karaca, A. Mamizadeh, N. Genc, and A. Sular, “Analysis of passive filters for PV inverters under variable irradiances,†in 8th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications, ICRERA, pp. 680–685, 2019.

R. Deshpande and M. S. Raviprakasha, “Analysis of power quality variations in distributed generation systems,†International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER), vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 281–289, 2019.

M. Ayub, C. K. Gan, and A. F. A. Kadir, “The impact of grid-connected PV systems on harmonic distortion,†in IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT ASIA), Kuala Lumpur-Malaysia, pp. 669–674, May 2014.

X. Xu et al., “Harmonic emission of PV inverters under different voltage supply conditions and operating powers,†in International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP), Belo Horizonte-Brazil, pp. 373–378, Oct. 2016.

C. D. Crites, R. K. Varma, V. Sharma, and B. Milroy, “Characterization of harmonics in a utility feeder with PV distributed generation,†in IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC), London, pp. 40–45, Oct. 2012.

R. K. Varma, S. A. Rahman, T. Vanderheide, and M. D. N. Dang, “Harmonic impact of a 20-MW PV solar farm on a utility distribution network,†IEEE Power and Energy Technology Systems Journal, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 89–98, 2016.

L. Hassaine, E. Olias, J. Quintero, and M. Haddadi, “Digital power factor control and reactive power regulation for grid-connected photovoltaic inverter,†Renewable Energy, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 315–321, 2009.

S. Gonzalez, J. Neely, and M. Ropp, “Effect of non-unity power factor operation in photovoltaic inverters employing grid support functions,†in IEEE 40th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC), Denver, CO, USA, pp. 1498–1503, Jun. 2014.

Renukadevi V. and B. Jayanand, “Harmonic and reactive power compensation of grid connected photovoltaic system,†in Procedia Technology, pp. 438–442, Jan. 2015.

N. N. Faizura Norhasmi, S. K. Raveendran, and V. K. Ramachandaramurthy, “Power factor control of solar photovoltaic inverter as a solution to overvoltage,†in IEEE Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), Kinabalu-Malaysia, pp. 751–756, 2018.

W. Yi-bo, W. Chun-sheng, L. Hua, and X. Hong-hua, “Steady-state model and power flow analysis of grid- connected photovoltaic power system,†in IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, Chengdu-China, pp. 1–6, Apr. 2018.

G. A. Rampinelli, F. P. Gasparin, A. J. Bühler, A. Krenzinger, and F. Chenlo Romero, “Assessment and mathematical modeling of energy quality parameters of grid connected photovoltaic inverters,†Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 52, pp. 133–141, 2015.

L. G. M. Oliveira et al., “Assessment of harmonic distortion in small grid-connected photovoltaic systems,†in Proceedings of International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP), Belo Horizonte-Brazil, pp. 810–815, Oct. 2016.

A. Elkholy, “Harmonics assessment and mathematical modeling of power quality parameters for low voltage grid connected photovoltaic systems,†Solar Energy, vol. 183, pp. 315–326, May 01, 2019.




DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.20508/ijrer.v10i3.11189.g8035

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Online ISSN: 1309-0127

Publisher: Gazi University

IJRER is cited in SCOPUS, EBSCO, WEB of SCIENCE (Clarivate Analytics);

IJRER has been cited in Emerging Sources Citation Index from 2016 in web of science.

WEB of SCIENCE in 2025; 

h=35,

Average citation per item=6.59

Last three Years Impact Factor=(1947+1753+1586)/(146+201+78)=5286/425=12.43

Category Quartile:Q4