Impact Assessment of Vehicle-to-grid Technology in LFC of Multi-area Solar-thermal Power System

Pushpa Gaur, Nirmala Soren, Debashish Bhowmik

Abstract


This paper presents a load frequency control scheme with the integration of Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) which can enhance the system dynamics under load fluctuations. For this, a detailed multi-area multi-source system is designed with a solar-thermal and a thermal unit in Area1, a gas and thermal unit along with an electric vehicle (EV) fleet in Area2, and two thermal units and an EV fleet in Area3. The thermal units are single reheat turbine type, and appropriate generation rate constraints are considered for thermal and gas units. The application of Two Degree of Freedom Proportional-Integral-Derivative (2DOF-PID) controller has been made as secondary controller in all the control areas. A new nature inspired optimization technique called as Wind Driven Optimization is employed for simultaneous optimization of the controller gains and parameters. Comparison of 2DOF-PID controller with classical controllers reveals the superiority of the former under nominal system conditions. The impact of V2G into the system is tested which proves that the magnitude and numbers of oscillations of the system response is reduced when it encounters load fluctuations. The robustness of the optimized gains and parameters of 2DOF-PID controller have been verified by carrying out sensitivity analysis under different system conditions.

Keywords


Vehicle-to-grid; Generation rate constraint; Load frequency control; Wind Driven Optimization; 2DOF-PID controller.

Full Text:

PDF

References


O.I. Elgard, Electric energy systems theory’, New York, McGraw Hill, 1982

O.I. Elgerd, C. Fosha, Optimum megawatt frequency control of multi-area electric energy systems, IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst., 1970, 89, (4), pp. 556–563

V. Donde, M. A. Pai, Ian A. Hiskens, “Simulation and Optimization in an AGC System after Deregulationâ€, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 481-489, 2001

J. Nanda, A. Mangla, S. Suri, “Some new findings on automatic generation control of an interconnected hydrothermal system with conventional controllersâ€, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 187-193, 2006

A. K. Barisal, “Comparative performance analysis of teaching learning based optimization for automatic load frequency control of multi-source power systemsâ€, Int. J. of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 66, pp. 67-77, 2015

Kazem Zare, Mehrdad Tarafdar Hagh, Javad Morsali, “Effective oscillation damping of an interconnected multi-source power generationâ€, Int. J. of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 65, pp. 220-230, 2015

K. P. Singh Parmar, S. Majhi, , D. P. Kothari, “Load frequency control of a realistic power system with multi-source power generationâ€, Int. J. of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 426-433, 2012.

J. Buzs, “Block-oriented modelling of solar –thermal systemâ€, PhD dissertation, Mechanical Engineering, Szent Istvn University (Hungary) 2009

T. N. Pham, H. Trinh, and L. V. Hien, “Load frequency control of power systems with electric vehicles and diverse transmission links using distributed functional observersâ€, IEEE Trans. On Smart Grid, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 238–252, 2016.

M. Datta, T. Senjyu, “Fuzzy Control of Distributed PV Inverters/Energy Storage Systems/Electric Vehicles for Frequency Regulation in a Large Power Systemâ€, IEEE Trans. On Smart Grid, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 479-488, 2013

S. Vachirasricirikul, I. Ngamroo, “Robust LFC in a Smart Grid With Wind Power Penetration by Coordinated V2G Control and Frequency Controllerâ€, IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 371-380, 2014

Taisuke Masuta, Akihiko Yokoyama, “Supplementary Load Frequency Control by Use of a Number of Both Electric Vehicles and Heat Pump Water Heatersâ€, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 1253-1262, 2012

Seyedmahdi Izadkhast, Pablo Garcia-Gonzalez, Pablo Frìas, Laura Ramìrez-Elizondo, Pavol Bauer, “An Aggregate Model of Plug-in Electric Vehicles Including Distribution Network Characteristics for Primary Frequency Controlâ€, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 2987-2998, 2016

Hongming Yang, C. Y. Chung, Junhua Zhao, “Application of Plug-In Electric Vehicles to Frequency Regulation Based on Distributed Signal Acquisition Via Limited Communicationâ€, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 1017-1026, 2013

R. K. Sahu, S. Panda, U. K. Rout, D. K. Sahoo, “Teaching learning based optimization algorithm for automatic generation control of power system using 2-DOF PID controllerâ€, Int. J. of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 77, pp. 287-301, 2016

C. S. Chang, W. Fu, “Area load frequency control using fuzzy gain scheduling of PI controllersâ€, Electr Power Syst Res, Vol. 42, pp. 145–52, 1997.

A. Pappachen, A. Peer Fathima, “Load frequency control in deregulated power system integrated with SMES–TCPS combination using ANFIS controllerâ€, Int. J. of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 82, pp. 519-534, 2016

A. Zamani, S. M. Barakati, Saeed Yousofi-Darmian, “Design of a fractional order PID controller using GBMO algorithm for load–frequency control with governor saturation considerationâ€, ISA Transactions, Vol. 64, pp. 56-66, 2016

E. Nikmanesh, O. Hariri, H. Shams, M. Fasihozaman, “Pareto design of Load Frequency Control for interconnected power systems based on multi-objective uniform diversity genetic algorithm (MUGA)â€, Int. J. of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 80, pp. 333-346, 2016

H. Gozde, M. C. Taplamacioglu, “Automatic generation control application with craziness based particle swarm optimization in a thermal power systemâ€, Int J Electr Power Energy Syst, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 8–16, 2011

S. S. Dhillon, J. S. Lather, S. Marwaha, “Multi objective load frequency control using hybrid bacterial foraging and particle swarm optimized PI controllerâ€, Int. J. of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 79, pp. 196-209, 2016

K. Naidu, H. Mokhlis, A. H. A. Bakar, “Multiobjective optimization using weighted sum Artificial Bee Colony algorithm for Load Frequency Controlâ€, Int. J. of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 55, pp. 657-667, 2014

P. C. Pradhan, R. K. Sahu, S. Panda, “Firefly algorithm optimized fuzzy PID controller for AGC of multi-area multi-source power systems with UPFC and SMESâ€, Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 338-354, 2016

Z. Bayraktar, M. Komurcu, Jeremy A. Bossard, Douglas H. Werner, “The Wind Driven Optimization Technique and its Application in Electromagneticsâ€, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 61, No. 5, pp. 2745-2757, 2013

Preet Kamal Singh, Neena Gupta, “A Wind Driven Optimization Based WDM Channel Allocation Algorithmâ€, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 5, No. 7, pp. 12073-12080, 2016




DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.20508/ijrer.v8i3.8004.g7457

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Online ISSN: 1309-0127

Publisher: Gazi University

IJRER is cited in SCOPUS, EBSCO, WEB of SCIENCE (Clarivate Analytics);

IJRER has been cited in Emerging Sources Citation Index from 2016 in web of science.

WEB of SCIENCE in 2025; 

h=35,

Average citation per item=6.59

Last three Years Impact Factor=(1947+1753+1586)/(146+201+78)=5286/425=12.43

Category Quartile:Q4