The Effect of Catalyst Type and Concentration on the Yield of Biodiesel from Jathropha/Moringa Oil Mix

Blessing Ngozi Iyidiobu, A. I. Bamgboye

Abstract


The exhaustible nature of petroleum diesel has made biodiesel an attractive alternative to diesel, but efforts at reducing its high production costs through the use of cheap poor-quality oil feedstock are not sufficient. A careful choice of catalyst concentration and type is also necessary. Binary blends of oil-feedstock and alcohol-feedstock were used to increase the efficiency of transesterification process. The effect of changing alkaline catalysts on the yield of transesterification reactions was also examined for similar and varied process conditions. This allowed the examination of the impacts of catalyst on yield with changing feedstock type and processing condition. Results of oil and alcohol blending showed that the partial use of ethanol permitted reactions to be completed in 45 minutes instead of 60- 120 minutes common to conventional ethanolysis. Yields were comparable to those of methanolysis. Ester yield increased with increase in the concentration of KOH and CaO catalysts within the 0.5-2.5 w/w% range.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abbaszaadeh, A., Ghobadian, B., Omidkhah, M. R., and Najafi, G. (2012). Current biodiesel production technologies: a comparative review. Energy Conversion and Management, 63, 138-148.

Prasad, P. V., Kakani, V. G., and Upadhyaya, H. D. (2010). Growth and Production of Groundnut. UNESCO Encyclopedia, 1-26.

Romano, S. D., and Sorichetti, P. A. (2011). Dielectric Spectroscopy in Biodiesel Production and Characterization. Green Energy and Technology. Springer-Verlag. London. United Kingdom.

Verheye, W. (2010). Growth and Production of Oil Palm. In Land Use, Land Cover and Soil Sciences. UNESCO-EOLSS Publishers. Oxford, United Kingdom.

Ofori-Boateng, C., Kwofie, E. M., and Mensah, M. Y. (2012). Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Different Alkaline Catalysts on Biodiesel Yield. World Applied Sciences Journal, 16(10), 1445-1449.

You, Y. D., Shie, J. L., Chang, C. Y., Huang, S. H., Pai, C. Y., Yu, Y. H., and Chang, C. H. (2007). Economic Cost Analysis of Biodiesel Production: Case in Soybean Oil. Energy and Fuels, 22(1), 182-189.

Leung, D. Y., Wu, X., and Leung, M. K. H. (2010). A review on biodiesel production using catalyzed transesterification. Applied energy, 87(4), 1083-1095.

Rashid, U., Anwar, F., Moser, B. R., and Ashraf, S. (2008). Production of sunflower oil methyl esters by optimized alkali-catalyzed methanolysis. Biomass and bioenergy, 32(12), 1202-1205.

Leung, D. Y. C., and Guo, Y. (2006). Transesterification of Neat and Used Frying Oil: Optimization for Biodiesel Production. Fuel Processing Technology, 87(10), 883-890.

Patil, P. D., and Deng, S. (2009). Optimization of biodiesel production from edible and non-edible vegetable oils. Fuel, 88(7), 1302-1306.

Albuquerque, M. C. G., Machado, Y. L., Torres, A. E. B., Azevedo, D. C. S., Cavalcante, C. L., Firmiano, L. R., and Parente, E. J. S. (2009). Properties of Biodiesel Oils Formulated Using Different Biomass Sources and Their Blends. Renewable Energy, 34(3), 857-859.

Chen, Y. H., Chang, C. C., Chang, M. C., and Chang, C. Y. (2011). Biodiesel Production from Tung Oil and Blended Oil Via Ultrasonic Transesterification Process. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 42(4), 640-644.

Yusup, S., and Khan, M. A. (2010). Base Catalyzed Transesterification of Acid Treated Vegetable Oil Blend for Biodiesel Production. Biomass and Bioenergy, 34(10), 15001504.

Ejikeme, P. M., Anyaogu, I. D., Ejikeme, C. L., Nwafor, N. P., Egbuonu, C. A. C., Ukogu, K., and Ibemesi, J. A. (2010). Catalysis in Biodiesel Production by Transesterification Processes-An Insight. Journal of Chemistry, 7(4), 1120-1132.

Schuchardta, U., R. Serchelia, R.M. Vargas, (1998). Transesterification of Vegetable Oils: A Review. Brazilian Chemical Society, 9(1): 199-210.

Alcantara, R., Amores, J., Canoira, L. T., Fidalgo, E., Franco, M. J., and Navarro, A. (2000). Catalytic Production Of Biodiesel rom Soy-Bean Oil, Used Frying Oil and Tallow. Biomass and Bioenergy, 18(6), 515-527

Gerpen, V. J., Shanks, B., Pruszko, R., Clements, D., and Knothe, G. (2004). Biodiesel Production Technology. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Colorado, 37-47.

Guinta, C.J. (2015) The Mole and Amount of Substance in Chemistry and Education: beyond official Definitions. Journal of Chemical Education. 92, 1593-1597. DOI: 10.1021/ed5007376

Johnston, B. Fields, K., Weldegirma, S. Turner (2013) CHM2211- Organic Chemistry II. University of South Florida. https://www.coursehero.com/sitemap/schools/57-University-of South-Florida/courses/335365-CHM2211/?__chid=48acd250-95e4-4438-b8c5-73076160517e

UVM (2018) Chemistry 141 Sample Informal Lab Report 2 .https://www.uvm.edu/wid/writingcenter/tutortips/chemsamplelabannotated.pdf.

Singh, A., He, B., Thompson, J., and Van Gerpen, J. (2006). Process Optimization of Biodiesel Production Using Alkaline Catalysts. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 22(4), 597600.

Malins, K., Kampars, V., and Rusakova, T. (2011). Biodiesel Preparation Using CaO as Catalyst. Riga Technical University 53rd International Scientific Conference.

Meneghetti, S. M. P., Meneghetti, M. R., Wolf, C. R., Silva, E. C., Lima, G. E., Coimbra, M. D. A., Soletti, J. I. and Carvalho, S. H. (2006a). Ethanolysis of Castor and Cottonseed Oil: A Systematic Study Using Classical Catalysts. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 83(9), 819-822.

Meyher, L. C., Dharmagadda, V. S., and Naik, S. N. (2006b). Optimization of Alkali-Catalyzed Transesterification of Pongamia Pinnata Oil For Production of Biodiesel. Bioresource Technology, 97(12), 1392-1397.

Tang, Y., Chen, G., Zhang, J., and Lu, Y. (2011). Highly Active Cao for the Transesterification to Biodiesel Pro-duction from Rapeseed Oil. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 25(1).

Meneghetti, S. M. P., Meneghetti, M. R., Wolf, C. R., Silva, E. C., Lima, G. E., de Lira Silva, L., Serra, T. M., de Oliveira, L. G. (2006b). Biodiesel from Castor Oil: A Comparison of Ethanolysis versus Methanolysis. Energy & Fuels, 20(5), 2262-2265.

Meyher, L. C., Sagar, D. V., and Naik, S. N. (2006a). Technical Aspects of Biodiesel Production by Transesterification—A Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 10(3), 248-268.

Leung, D. Y. C., and Guo, Y. (2006). Transesterification of Neat and Used Frying Oil: Optimization for Biodiesel Production. Fuel Processing Technology, 87(10), 883-890.

Ma, F., Clements, L. D., and Hanna, M. A. (1998). The Effects of Catalyst, Free Fatty Acids, and Water on Transesterification of Beef Tallow. Transactions of the ASAE, 41(5), 1261




DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.20508/ijrer.v9i2.9242.g7681

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Online ISSN: 1309-0127

Publisher: Gazi University

IJRER is cited in SCOPUS, EBSCO, WEB of SCIENCE (Clarivate Analytics);

IJRER has been cited in Emerging Sources Citation Index from 2016 in web of science.

WEB of SCIENCE in 2025; 

h=35,

Average citation per item=6.59

Last three Years Impact Factor=(1947+1753+1586)/(146+201+78)=5286/425=12.43

Category Quartile:Q4